Financial Planning Informative Speech

Speech 4 – Informative Speech We've got a gang of clueless bozos steering our ship of state right over a cliff, we've got corporate gangsters stealing us blind, and we can't even clean up after a hurricane much less build a hybrid car. But instead of getting mad, everyone sits around and nods their heads when the politicians say, â€Å"Stay the course. † Stay the course? You've got to be kidding. This is America, not the damned Titanic. ~ Lee Iacocca Finance planning legend. A probably angry Lee Iacocca was indicating that finance is something that has to be pre-planned, planned, re-planned and even post-planned.Financial planning in itself does not involve just setting budgets, wage rates or deadlines. It is all about getting to know realistic work schedule, the manner in which they can be executed, back up plans that can be used and the least cost with the help of which the entire project can be executed. So basically, financial planning and growth forecasting, both i nvolve, the answers to the 4 important questions, why, when, where and how (answers have to be cost oriented). Steps in Long Term Financial PlanningStep 1: Let us take the example of a coffee shop, whereas a financial planner, one has to find legitimate answers to 4 questions, namely: Why should we be producing a specific item on the menu card? (consider cost of production and sales price) When should we produce such an item and for what time duration? (bear in mind seasonal costs, inflation of raw material prices) Where should we produce the item, right in the shop or some production center? (consider transport cost, nature of goods and selling cost) How should one produce the item, manually or mechanically? consider equipment and personnel cost) Step 2: The second step is to assess your business environment. In this step, surveying the competitor's performance, pricing and distribution is an absolute necessity. In such a scenario, you may also prepare a cost sheet of the financial features of production, namely, the money that you would have to invest as a manufacturing cost, its sales cost, and the profit that it would yield. Logically speaking, the sale price should be more than the cost price and the return over asset ratio/return over investment ratio should be healthy.While finalizing these three figures, you will need to take into consideration 3 important aspects. Average spending capacity of your customers. Your competitor's quality, quantity and price. Popularity of the product, potential market, customer retaining capacity of the product, etc. Though the trend of such products is more experimental in nature, they might become full-time, public favorite products, hence it is also important to make a financial provision to recover losses, that arise in the experimental period, until the product establishes itself in the market.Step 3: The third and fourth step are more analytical in nature and from the finance point of view, they are also quite expan sive. The idea that you need to implement in the third step is allocation of resources in such a manner that you tend to make a genuine profit in sales, during the long run. In this step, you will be using and analyzing cash flow statements on almost a daily basis. The key is to have uniform cash outflows for consecutive days/months/years. Cash outflow is basically all expenses and losses. Losses are quite uncontrollable but expenses are definitely controllable.Hence search for raw material sources, manpower and production processes that will help you to maintain a uniform and low per unit cost for the item/product. For example have regular suppliers, who will supply at an agreed and uniform cost. This uniformity will eventually come in handy to curb and control unexpected losses, and will also help you to keep a good hold over the market. The second part of the third step is making monetary provisions. This is absolutely essential due to the fact that no business is risk-free. Such provisions include advance to the raw material supplier, insurance, provisions for bad debts, extra services, etc.Step 4: I would like to call this step as retain, sustain and entertain. This step is quite an advanced one, and basically includes many different aspects, that aim at retaining the customers. The first important function of this step is to generate regular data and cash flow statements. With the help of these statements you will realize whether that very item on the menu is proving to be profitable or not. At the same time, you also need to maintain a statement that records cash inflows and outflows over a longer period of time (in months or a quarter).Thus, you will realize what is profitable for your business, and what your customers want. To sum up the whole theory, it can be said that long term finance planning is a 3 dimensional graph, with customer, product and market being the dimensions. The essence of cost and time are added to every dimension. After all, the key to successful long term financial planning is to facilitate all three dimensions logically, bearing in mind the essence of time and money. Read more at Buzzle: http://www. buzzle. com/articles/long-term-financial-planning. html

Financing of Home Care Essay

In United States of America, health is an interesting topic in the society that does not only influence the well being of millions of Americans, but also influences the strength of Americas’ economy. This nation spends more on health care per person than any other nations. America is said to be having the highest infant mortality rates and a relatively low average lifespan. (Baer, 1989) For many families, lack of Health care is the source of vulnerability for the household’s economic status, as sickness or injury without health care can be a financial burden pushing families to poverty. According to the Census Bureau, the number of Americans having Private health coverage has fallen by one percent in the recent years. Home care is a term that is used to refer to the services that are usually provided in the home. They include giving patients professional services from physiotherapist, social workers and nurses. There is also the use of supplies, inclusion of therapies and incorporation of durable medical equipment. (Baer, 1989) The government has set the rules that have to be followed by each and every home care. In the home care, a range of services are therefore provided to the patients. The services include home making services, medication administration, blood transfusions, physical and occupational therapists among other services. Medicare on the other hand covers the home care services for the patients that have the following characteristics; †¢ They receive services from a Medicare †¢ They are under the physician’s care plan †¢ Those that are homebound †¢ Those that need nursing care that is very much skilled or physical therapy There are various ways through which homecare is financed. They include the following; †¢ Government funds †¢ Volunteers †¢ Commercial insurers †¢ Donations or charities †¢ Patients These are the major ways that home care systems are financed. Research reveals that systems are not for making profits. Looking at the various sources of finance for home care, there are different percentages of income that comes from each source. The government in most cases gives the highest percentage of income to the home care. This is approximately sixty percent of the total amount sourced. Donations then follow next with twenty percent. (Ehrenreich, 1970) Commercial insurers give approximately ten percent of the total amount of money that is used in the homecare systems. Patients are normally charged a small fee when they visit the home system and this amount to approximately five percent of the total revenue. There are normally volunteers who help out in providing some of the services free of charge and this helps to ease the burden of the costs that are incurred. Research reveals that there exists a very good relationship between the financiers and the homecare system. There is no one who ever wants to give his or her money without wanting to know how it has been used. Taking an example of the government as the main source of finance for homecare systems, it is always concerned with the faring on of the home care. (Ehrenreich, 1970) The government is normally very concerned with issues that affect home care especially in relation to the finances therein. The administrators of the home cares normally have the responsibility of giving account of how the finances have been spent in the home care. Looking at it from the administrator’s point of view, they normally wish that the government would do more than just send the finances to them but actually be more concerned with the whole project or the issues taking place in the home care system. To the administrators, the finances that are given by the government are not sufficient to cater for everything in the system and therefore planning becomes very hard in such a situation. The patients on the other hand are very grateful that the government decided to cater partly for their services given in the homecare because they don’t pay a lot of money. Research carried out in the year 2006 May in the United States amongst various patients reveal that patients come from different social status. There are those from affluent families, middle and then low income families. (Schaeffer, 2002) For the low income patients, the amount of funds that are given by the government are not enough because this compels the system administrators to charge them a fee which to them is a lot comparing it to their level of income. The patients who have middle income think that the government’s support is fair and they as patients can now afford it. For the affluent, they do not even feel the pinch of giving the little cash for getting services in the homecare but nevertheless acknowledge that the government is of great help. Donations and charities in form of funds given to the home care are given by organizations and individuals. There are various non-governmental organizations that give their donations to home care systems. According to the administrators in home care systems, donations and charities help a great deal in the smooth running of the systems. They concur that without the help of these non-governmental organizations, and then they could not have managed to do so many things in the home care systems. Patients also as stakeholders are grateful to the invaluable help of non-governmental organizations and individuals for this has enabled very many of them to access services that they could have otherwise not been able to. According to the administrators, the help given by no-governmental organizations though it helps it is not sufficient and therefore much still needs to be done. Looking at the relationship of the non-governmental organizations with the home care systems, one can say that there exists good relationship as the NGOs normally try to catch up on how the home cares are faring on. Research reveals that the relationship of the financier with the homecare is very important. A part from the financial help, there needs to be a mutual relationship between these two parties so that they can understand each other well. Looking at the provider or the financiers’ point of view, there is so much expectation from the home care system. From the government’s point of view, home cares expect so much from the government and there is the tendency to think that the government has got a lot of money lying idle which can be used in the home care system. According to the officials in the government of United States, the administrators have to know that the government is doing its best to see to it that these systems are run smoothly without financial strain. This is done so that every citizen benefits from these services and especially those from low income families per say. (Warren, 2005) Conclusion In home care, mostly the medical services are given in the home. In this case the patients are given professional services by nurses, social workers and home care assistants. These services include physiotherapy. Each and every home care system has to follow the rules that are set up by the government. (Strunk and Gabel, 2002) Home care systems are financed by various stakeholders. They include the following; the government, donations from individuals and from non-governmental organizations, small fee paid by the patients and from commercial insurers. Among these sources the government gives the highest percentage of finances to the home care systems. This is sixty percent of the total finances in the home care systems. According to the administrators in home cares, this amount is not sufficient to cater for all the needs in home cares. They say that the government needs to add more funds. According to the patients, the government is really playing a big role in enabling them to access these important services. (Strunk, and Gabel, 2002) To the low income patients, the funds are not enough and they should be increased so that they (patients) pay much lesser than what they are currently paying. The relationship that exists between financers and the home care systems is good. The administrators however say that the financiers need to be more concerned with all the activities that take place in the home care. Government officials say that home care administrators expect so much from them but they are doing their best to see to it that the home care systems do not strain financially at all. Reference Baer, H. (1989): The American Dominative Medical System as Reflection of Social elations in the Larger Society. Social Science and Medicine, 28(11):1103-1112 Ehrenreich, J. (1970): The American Health Empire: Power, Profits and Politics; NY Random House, Schaeffer, S. (2002): Rising Health-Care Expenses Outpace U. S. GDP Growth, HealthCare costs rose 9. 3% in 2002 PP 207-217 Strunk, B. and Gabel, J. (2002): Tracking health care costs- Growth accelerates again In 2001; Health affairs; Pp 45-67 Warren, E. (2005): Sick and Broke; New York; Melbourne Press

Should Student Loan Debt Be Forgiven?

Most Americans would agree that higher education is important. Compared to years ago, when a high school education was acceptable in most jobs, a college degree is now required in the majority of positions. But what if you can’t afford to get a degree? What then?For many, student loans are the only way to finance one’s education. Paying out of pocket simply isn’t a reality for most, so they rely on state and national government to provide them the funds to attend school, buy textbooks, and even pay for room and board. Sign on the dotted line, and suddenly a subsidized or unsubsidized loan shows up as a credit on your student account.Any overage is paid to you by check to cover incidentals. This process gets repeated every semester, for as long as you attend school. It all seems very easy and acceptable – until you graduate (or don’t graduate, whichever the case may be).The day you leave school, a six-month clock starts ticking toward your first paym ent. Oh wait, you mean school costs money? Sadly, some aren’t able to secure a position right away that can allow them the economic capability to start making payment on their loans. It can take up to two years for some college graduates to find a job.In the meantime, those loans are still due and payable. There are all sorts of possibilities for repayment: income-sensitive plans, unemployment deferments, graduated payments, and even forgiveness programs for certain occupations like nurses, teachers, and public servants.But what about the rest of the debt holders? What happens to them if they can’t make their payments? Student loan debt today approaches $1 trillion dollars, according to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Even more frightening, the Wall Street Journal reports about 40% of student loan holders are in default or have delayed their payments.Student loan debt has now actually surpassed total credit card debt in the US. There are numerous calls to act ion for possible solutions to this problem. The main issue I have with them is they don’t actually take into effect HOW we got into this position, or how to avoid it from happening again in the future. As part of his re-election bid, President Obama introduced his solution, referred to as the 10-10 plan. This plan allows graduates to only pay 10% of their total income as loan payments, and forgive whatever is left after 10 years.This plan requires a borrower to have a financial hardship, and the payment amount, based on 10% of income, is readjusted yearly. In many cases, this forgiveness will amount to somewhere around 80% of the original loan amount. That seems an awfully steep penalty for the US to pay, simply because they think they can.These borrowers are now, hopefully, out in the work world making a reasonable income so they are actually likely to be able to make payments. Forgiveness at that point is not really necessary. In an income-sensitive repayment plan, the rate of the payment goes up, based on the income of a borrower increasing as well.Rather than forgiving the remainder owed, cutting interest rates or lowering the payment amount seem like better solutions in that they provide assistance to struggling borrowers, but ultimately the debt is repaid.There are others calling for an all-out bailout, similar to the AIG or GE bailout, designed to boost the economy. The hope is those with forgiven loans will put that money back into the economy, at least in the short term. But who’s to say that’s where they’ll put their money? What happens to the next round of graduates? They’ll be graduating with a forgone conclusion that their loans will be forgiven as well.And why not? That’s what a plan like this would lead them to believe. Mitchell Weiss, adjunct professor at the University of Hartford's Barney School of Business in Connecticut, believes any kind of credit is ultimately issued on a sort of trust. â€Å"If I loan you some money, I trust that you're going to pay it back to me,† he says. â€Å"Wholesale forgiveness, amnesty – whatever you want to call it – will fundamentally undermine a process that is thoroughly integrated within our society. † Moreover, it doesn't really solve the problem, says Professor Weiss.A Facebook page started by an angry law school graduate without means to repay his loans has sparked a petition to support a one-time, across the board loan forgiveness. Started by Robert Applebaum, the group calls for an economic boost by forgiving all outstanding government loans.In the petition, Applebaum says, â€Å"Forgiving the student loan debt of all Americans will have an immediate stimulative effect on our economy†. â€Å"With the stroke of the president's pen, millions of Americans would suddenly have hundreds, or in some cases, thousands of extra dollars in their pockets each and every month to spend on ailing sectors of the economy .†Basically, the already strained government would be taking the hit for billions of dollars, based on the hope that this money would find its way back to our local and national economy. The main problem I see is you cannot guarantee this is what will happen. It sets the whole Federal Loan system up for collapse. HR1330 is another bill recently introduced, which could provide some much-needed relief for borrowers. Instead of a bailout, this kind of plan would allow interest-free deferments to borrowers who become unemployed or who are enrolled in the current 10-10 plan.Important to note is that it does limit the forgiveness afforded to new borrowers. But here again, it’s a very short term solution to a very long term issue. People on both sides, and somewhere in the middle, generally have strong opinions about the long-term benefits or non-benefits of a plan like this. CNBC reports the problem with a plan like this is three-fold: â€Å"The losses must be borne by someo ne, likely the taxpayer†. Basically, the money to bail out college graduates from repaying their loans has to come from somewhere. It can also be called a â€Å"moral hazard†, in that it rewards or implicitly encourages imprudent behavior.Also, a one-time bailout of the current loan-holders could strongly encourage future graduates to rely on the possibility of another bailout in the future. As a returning college student with a mountain of student loan debt of my own, I see the problem from the borrower’s perspective. As a Business Management student, though, I also see it through â€Å"Economic Eyes†. At the risk of sounding old and maternal, I think forgiveness only allows the problem to keep repeating for my generation, my children’s generation, and those to come.In the same mentality that I would never buy my child a car outright, for fear they’d have no ownership in it or respect for it, I simply don’t believe that bailing out bo rrowers is a good solution either.I fear we teach our children that so long as there are mountains of others in the same predicament, there is government relief available. The price is ultimately paid in the form of even more national debt. Yes, an economic boost might be favorable in the short term, but the long term effects of that boost will be felt for years afterwards.

Mine Is Required

Josh Crews Mrs. McGaulley AP English 3 9/3/12 The Tone of â€Å"In and Of Ourselves We Trust† In the article â€Å"In and Of Ourselves We Trust† by Andy Rooney, the speaker uses tone to allow the reader to recognize the mutual trust of humanity and the law. For example, when the author states, â€Å"It’s amazing that we ever trust each other to do the right thing, isn’t it? †, he uses an appreciative tone. This is shown through the speakers’ appreciation of knowing that humanity will automatically do what is right even when it is not convenient for humanity.Even though he didn’t want to stop at the light, he did, and he is appreciative of the fact that other human beings would stop at the red light as well. There is a plethora of examples that show the speakers appreciation for this unseen force, as for example, â€Å"We do what we say what we’ll do. We show up when we say we’ll show up. † This example shows that h umanity has the natural instinct to accomplish our wishes. Furthermore, the speaker uses a proud tone in the example, â€Å"I was so proud of myself for stopping for that red light.Read also Critical appreciation of the poem â€Å"Old Ladies’ Home†. Thus, stating that he was proud that he did do right and realized that he didn’t think twice about it. Pride is one of mankind’s’ best attributes and sometimes the worst. In this case, pride is granting the speaker a chance to express his gratitude for humanity’s uncanny ability to surprise itself and show we are naturally striving for greatness. Following that, he states â€Å"†¦no one would ever have known what a good person I was†¦I had to tell someone. † Saying that shows the speaker wants to boast and tell the readers of his accomplishment.

Gautama Buddha Essay

The celebration of Wesak which is the annual ritual celebrating the Buddha’s birth, enlightenment and death (parinirvana), provides an opportunity for adherents to reflect on the Buddha’s life and teaching. The Wesak festival is extremely important to the Buddhist adherent and the Buddhist community. The Wesak festival or Buddha’s Day celebrates the birthday of Prince Siddhartha Gautama, who was to become Buddha, the founder of Buddhism. The Wesak festival is a time for devotion and remembering the important aspects of the teachings of Buddhism. Wesak is a holy day for Buddhists in many countries such as Tibet, Cambodia, Malaysia Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, India, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines and Bhutan. Wesak, Buddha day or Buddha’s birthday is the most sacred holy day for those apart of Theravada Buddhism and also important for the insight meditation movement. Wesak is the celebration of the three days significant to the Buddha’s life first was his birth, the second his enlightenment (nirvana) and the third his death (Parinirvana). The date of Wesak varies and is very important and significant as it relies on the lunar calendar, it is usually falls on a full moon of the 5th or 6th lunar month. Wesak on the Gregorian calendar usually falls in April or May. Prince Siddhartha was born on the 8th day of the fourth lunar month or on the day of the full moon in 623 B. C. in Lumbini, Rupandehi District, West Terai, Nepal. Wesak celebrates the Three Jewels. Wesak is important to the adherents to reflect on Buddha’s life and teachings as is acknowledging the ongoing living religious tradition that remains strongly for followers. The main objective of Buddhism is to one day reach enlightenment and this is exactly what Wesak celebrates and reinforces the ultimate goal of Buddhism that Buddha was a human who became enlightened. This is important as it reinstates the fact that it is possible for humans to reach enlightenment. To reach closer to Nirvana and the chance of a better life in the cycle of samara you must perform good acts to receive good karma, through the act of washing and cleaning the hands of Buddhists and monks this symbolises the karma of certain actions. The festival of Wesak, with its emphasis on accepting the responsibilities of the ethical life, is also a celebration of the human spirit. ’ An important part of Wesak to the adherents is Sangha. And a part of this acknowledgement of the Sangha is listening to the wisdom and the teaching of the Dharma from the members of their community. As karma is a central belief of Buddhism there is a strong will for adherents are to donate and show generosity to the less fortunate at this time. â€Å"First of all, Buddhism is neither pessimistic nor optimistic. If anything at all, it is realistic, for it takes a realistic view of life and the world. It looks at things objectively (yathabhutam). It does not falsely lull you into living in a fool’s paradise, nor does it frighten and agonize you with all kinds of imaginary fears and sins. † The middle path what Buddha had preached is important to Wesak as it gives the adherents a time to reflect on his preaching’s of in a world full of suffering there is place for celebration. On the day of Wesak devout Buddhists are to come together in temples before dawn before they have ceremonial hoisting of the Buddhist Flag and do their mantras in praise of the three jewels; Dharma, Sangha, Buddha. Those who attend the festivals may bring flowers and candles as offerings to lay at the feet of their teachers. The symbolism of these offerings are that beautiful flowers eventually wither away, and candles once bright burn out, such as what life it is subject to. The adherents that attend receive good karma for themselves and for their communities. Although there is some parts of Wesak that involve acknowledging then destroying the wrong doings and bad karma of the previous year the Wesak festival is a time of celebrations and coming together. The community play games, listen to music, attend drama performances. Decorations are put up around houses and villages and their neighbours are encouraged to join in on the festivities. An important ritual that happens during the Wesak festival is the bathing of the Buddha. The bathing of the Buddha in fragrant water has been important since the legend of the Buddha’s birth has been told. It is a symbol of inner purification, the ritual is said to help get rid of sins. This ritual highlights the universal message that â€Å"it is simple to wash away physical dirt but it is much more difficult to cleanse one’s inner dirt of greed, anger and ignorance. †

Defines Atom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Defines Atom - Essay Example Even the books read by students are comprised of atoms. If everything in the world could be divided into the smallest piece possible, it would all look like an atom. It would be very difficult to place atoms in one category of life as they are everywhere and a part of everything around us. The knowledge of atoms has been used in both good and bad things in life. For example, some scientists have used this knowledge to create dangerous weapons such as the atomic bomb. However, the world has tried to reduce the dangers of such weapons by maintaining peace and certain programs that involve countries destroying their nuclear weapons. As mentioned above, several things around us can be broken down to atoms and they are many benefits associated with the knowledge of atoms. In fact, we cannot do anything that does not involve us interacting with elements that contain atoms. Like different elements around us, human bodies have their own equivalent to an atom. Humans are made up of organ syst ems such as the system that allows us to breathe, the system that allows blood to move all over our bodies and the system that allows us to think and respond to things around us. ... However, another interesting factor is that cells themselves are also similar to elements in the sense that they can be divided into macromolecules, which can be divided into molecules. And guess what†¦ these molecules can also be divided into atoms. This has been described by scientists as the organization of life. In more precise terms, a cell can be defined as the basic functional, biological and structural unit of organisms that are classified as living. A cell is often defined as the building block to every living organism. Biologically, the cells have been defined by a scientific theory known as the cell theory. This approach illustrates the properties and structural components of a cell. There are three main components in the cell theory and these include: living organisms of comprise of 1 or more cells; fell on derived from living pre-existing cell and the cell is the most basic functional, organizational and structural unit of all oral living organisms. In addition, cel ls can also be divided according to the living organism into eukaryotes or prokaryotes. These each have different morphological features including the intracellular components. The atoms in elements can be differentiated by their different nuclear and electronic properties which influence the reactions and characteristics of each element. Human cells on the other hand, are different morphologically in order to suite their particular purposes. Examples of cells include cardio myocytes, neurons, hepatocytes and pneumocytes which all have specific functions in different organs. As mentioned above, different cells can be different in their intracellular

Effects of Culture on Art Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effects of Culture on Art - Dissertation Example Culture is related to significance, understanding, aptitudes, business, society and standards. The purpose of the study is to have a better perceptive of the control of culture on art, a motor of financial as well as communal modernization. The culture related art is connected to the aptitude of individuals, particularly artists, to think creatively or symbolically, to test the conservative, and to call on the representational as well as affective to correspondence. Culture related art has the ability to â€Å"break conventions† (Greenberg, p. 93, 1971), the standard approach of assessment, to let the expansion of a fresh image, a thought or a product. The temperament of culture related art is directly correlated to the â€Å"nature of artistic contribution as expressed in art or cultural productions; the spontaneous, intuitive, singular and human nature of cultural creation enriches society† (Benton & DiYanni, p. 43, 2007). Theories as well as methodical advancements o ffer accommodating tools to be aware of art but are not enough to understand the cultural aspect of art. Research on creativity in relation to culture has been inclined to concentrate on the perceptive of artistic accomplishment. As a result, the importance of art is randomly applied and has been mainly influenced by business management literature background regulations to facilitate the materialization of creative administrations. The Effect of British and African Culture in their Art The contact between culture and art is difficult and culture â€Å"cannot always be associated with art† (Crowley, p. 52, 2011). Culture is as well regarding acknowledged conventions while communicating for instance legacy, customs or when it communicates to civilizing inventions that construct on the flourishing as well as the tested (results, directory management, legends). Cultural principles may as well give rise to prejudice and fanaticism that hold back creativity. On the other hand, with out art there would not be melody, verse, images, creative writing as well as all imaginative work linked with art as well as cultural industries. Foreign artists, throughout much of the Renaissance, ruled British art, however, during the 18th century a local practice turns out to be more accepted. It is mostly known to be characterized by scenery images, for instance, the work of â€Å"Turner and John Constable† (Draper, p. 54, 2004). â€Å"Portraitists like Thomas Gainsborough, Joshua Reynolds and William Hogarth† (Draper, p. 69, 2004) are as well very noteworthy. Hogarth also introduced a unique technique of satirical imaging. British creative writing starts with Anglo-Saxon narrative. For a lot many years, Latin as well as French were the chosen legendary languages of England, although during the medieval phase there was a blooming of literature within Middle British; â€Å"Geoffrey Chaucer is the most well-known writer of this period† (Draper, p. 102, 2004) . The Elizabethan period is occasionally called as the â€Å"golden age of English literature† (Draper, p. 130, 2004), as a number of outstanding writers was writing in English, and the Elizabethan plays created William Shakespeare, frequently recognized as the English national writer. As a result of the growth of English into a world language at some point in the British Empire, narrative is now written in English all over the world. Authors usually connected with England or for expressing Englishness take account of

Eco-Friendly Plastic Bag Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Eco-Friendly Plastic Bag - Research Paper Example It was also established that the public was aware of the negative impacts of the plastic bags and the need to use eco-friendly bags. It is important to conduct more research on eco-friendly bags and create awareness on the importance of eco-friendly plastic bags in conservation of the environment. Plastic bags are used for packaging and is made of a thin, flexible plastic film such as polyethylene, non-woven fabric or plastic textile. Around the globe, over 500 billion non-reusable plastic bags are used every year while the thin ones are littered ubiquitously. In developing countries, the plastic bags block the water movement in narrow water channels. When water collects in them they provide a place for the breeding of mosquitoes. The thin comfortable bags are a danger to the children because they can cause suffocation. When plastic bags are incinerated, the smoke could cause cancer, asthma and impotence (Khare and Deshmukh). These negative effects to the environment have led to the discouraged use of the plastic bags. To curb this problem, eco-friendly plastic bags are recommended. They are used in several countries such as the United States, United Kingdom and Australia. These eco-friendly bags hold more quantity compared to the plastic bags. They are oil derived products and offered in many stylish colors since they are made with dyes that are both color fast and are washable. In addition, the bags comply FDA regulations therefore are not harmful and cannot cause allergic reactions to the skin. They are durable. The ecofriendly bag is reusable. It is made from fabric such as thick plastic that is more durable, canvas, or woven synthetic fibers. The eco-friendly plastic bags was introduced in the United States in 1977, and were used to bag groceries in the 1980s and 1990s. They were first made of polyolefin-starch materials which did not degrade as it was claimed. Some countries enacted policies that imposed taxes on

The devil's highway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The devil's highway - Essay Example The problem between the Mexican and US borders needs to be viewed from the humanitarian angle. But unfortunately it is (mis)managed and treated as if it is a war-zone. The book by Luis Alberto Urrea, â€Å"The Devil’s Highway: A True Story,† highlights a grave incident. More must have happened in the past. This highway is managed by insensitive personnel, with devilish tendencies. In May 2001, twenty-six Mexican men smuggled themselves through the border and reached an area of the deadly Arizona desert known as the Devil’s Highway. The dangers ahead were well-known to them. Yet for the sake of a bright career, they mortgaged their lives. Through the arduous journey, 14 died and 12 reached their destination. The author describes the disposal of the dead bodies thus: â€Å"The dead bodies, dense and dark, were zipped into bags and delivered to the loading docks.† (Urrea, p.191)The hurdles before them were obvious-- La Migra-the US Border patrol, the Mexican Federals, gung-ho gringo vigilantes, who invariably took law into their own hands, the burning 110 degree sun that spared none, the rattlesnakes, and what not! The coy otes were the group’s smugglers, who specialized in such adventurous clandestine immigration activity. While narrating the grim tragedy that struck this group of 26, the author analyzes the economic factors and the harsh immigration policy, which creates the artificial barrier between the peoples. The conditions at both the borders are no helpful; they are exploitative. The saga of the twenty-six men contains the important message for the right-thinking people of both the countries, Mexico and USA. The pages of human history are daubed in bloodshed in the name religion, race, color and territorial aggrandizement and they raise several crying questions for humanity. Industrialization, internet revolution, material civilization and globalization have added one more acute problem to the existing woes of the humanity—that of

How Personal Can Ethics Get Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How Personal Can Ethics Get - Essay Example For this very reason, it has become matter-of-factly for executives to trade in what is moral for what is lucrative. Decision-making is an integral process of everyday life. In a nutshell, it governs everything that we do from the moment we gain consciousness everyday. We decide what time to wake up, what breakfast to eat, what clothes to wear, etc. The same goes in a business environment. Every decision that must be made affects the entire company. But more than this, it also affects the community and is not delineated to only those belonging to the company. When one looks at every decision process in this context, then greed shall not govern the action of corporate honchos that run businesses which in turn affects everyone’s lives. â€Å"There is a natural principle of benevolence in human beings which, to some extent, has the same relation to society that self-love has to the individual† (Borchart & Stewart, 1986). Culture, from the origin of the word itself means cu ltivate. It is an aspect which can be formed and molded according to the necessities of the time and the will of those forming it. It may be for the better or for the worse depending on the vision of the leader who oversees the group. The same goes for an organization and how it may develop its culture. When it is focused on short-term goals of profit generation without regard for the welfare of other people, and when this is done time and again, then it becomes a part of that company’s culture and its own identity. Once this happens it becomes difficult to break away from and willpower is necessary to steer it into its right track. But when an organization builds from within itself a culture of excellence with concern for other members of the community, then this emanates and the growth of the organization becomes evident as all members have the common goal and the common missions that they must adhere to. Whole Foods Market presents an example for a company that strives to change the perception of a business venture and make it an overall experience for its customers. Founded by John Mackey in 1980, the small company has grown into a large corporation with 170 stores. Driven by the idea to make grocery shopping a whole new experience, Mackey launched the company which incorporated a wide array of choices and interactive experience with its courteous and informed employees. Steve Demos of White Wave says, â€Å"Wall Street – that’s where the fun begins. They only measure one thing, the bottom line. My goal is to demonstate that the principle-based business model is more profitable than its counterpart, and when we do, Wall Street will chase us instead of the other way around† (Slocum & Hellriegel, 2007). Like Demos, Mackey ardently believes in not sticking by the rules laid out in Wall Street whhere big and fast profit is the name of the game. He argues that a steady growth directed at a long-term goal is the way to go rather than relying on quarterly figures to determine the next steps of the company. Whole Foods even went so far as to release a ‘Declaration of Interdependence’ affirming their motto: â€Å"Whole Foods, Whole People, Whole Planet.† Corporate greed had always been regarded as an acceptable reality in our society. Big busineeses always had been denoted as having attained their status based on shady transactions and corporate manipulations that CEOs must

Inventory Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Inventory Management - Essay Example This type of inventory management also enables Toyota to quickly adapt to the demand conditions and prevent wastage of expensive inventory (Monden, 2011). Samsung Electronics is one of the largest consumer electronics manufacturing companies. Samsung follows the Short Cycle Time and Low Inventory in Manufacturing (SLIM) type of inventory management system. It is the largest company, which manufactures digital integrated circuits. The company with the support of Leachman’s consultants had developed the SLIM inventory management technique whereby optimal use of resources gets facilitated. The SLIM inventory system has helped Samsung to calculate cycle times required in individual manufacturing stages and the time required in work in process stage. SLIM inventory systems also allow implementing heuristic algorithms at the factory floor (Leachman, Kang & Lin, 2002). Toyota’s integrated production design system begins with designing the flow of inventory, framing support measures, reducing lot sizes and determining set up time. The next stage in the process is to set up total quality control measures for detecting errors and faults in the production system. The third stage is to prepare the capacity schedule, which involves analyzing the amount of work that can be taken up by individual departments at a time. The integration of goods and services design of Toyota also includes implementing the Kanban system whereby lot sizes are reduced and controlled on the basis of demand pull. Toyota also works with suppliers and vendors for estimating the real time required for goods delivery and communicating the quality related expectations (Berry, Whybark & Jacobs, 2005). The integration process of Samsung’s production system mainly concentrates upon efficient management of targeted cycle times. In order to manage targeted cycle times, it becomes essential to allocate buffer

Issues of Race, Class and Gender in A Rose for Emily Essay

Issues of Race, Class and Gender in A Rose for Emily - Essay Example The use of the derogatory term â€Å"negro† is a clear picture of author’s intensions. Faulkner actually conveys the experience of the African American in the period the story was written. By using the tern â€Å"negro† or â€Å"nigger† to describe African Americans, shows how stripped they were. Faulkner uses some of these derogatory terms to elucidate prejudices suffered by African Americans in the South. Another example is in the text "he who fathered the edict that no Negro woman should appear on the streets without an apron" (308). From this text, one can clearly see that colonel Sartoris’s intentions were to enforce rules in which African Americans were to be seen as workers, not people who socialized. â€Å"Of course a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northern, a day laborer" (Faulkner 311) is such an ironic statement which can be examined from different perspectives to bring out different meanings, depending on the reader. However, t his statement could be termed as an ironic humor to describe such a pretty and obvious extension of bigotry. The statement could be analyzed to bring out a picture of sexualized master-slave relationship. Fathering the edict seems to in some way be fathering the women, to be fathering that state of affair. Gender The role of gender is apparent in ‘A rose for Emily’. Faulkner’s commentary on role of women in society is clear. He believes that women are inferior to men, something close to second class citizens. For example, in the text, "he who fathered the edict that no Negro woman should appear on the streets without an apron" (Faulkner 308) is an indication of the place of women in the society. In fact, the aspect of gender is clearly portrayed right from the beginning of the story. Faulkner begins the story by saying that â€Å"When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monumen t, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This statement can be analyzed to mean that women are less honorable. Moreover, Faulkner believes that a woman’s true value to society is her appearance. He actually spends a lot of time describing Miss Emily’s appearance throughout the stages of her life. Characteristically, he doesn’t detail any male character as vividly as he does to Emily. Since the text presents just the one word â€Å" fathered, â€Å" one can not be in a position to clearly explain its context by a way or text alone but would find that word heroic, another neutral abstract. Therefore, it can be argued that the sexual- intercourse that took place between whites and Negroes could be a sign of just paternalism. â€Å"No one should appear on the streets without an apron† this far, the statement could be portraying and identifying servants that show their state of conduct as workers. This means that the y should be distinct from other classes of people. Social class The aspect of social class is portrayed in different ways. The character Tobe highlights the role of race in the setting of the story. Tobe is seen to be disrespected and dehumanized throughout the story. For example, judge Stevens refer to him as â€Å"†¦ that nigger of hers...† (Faulkner 319) this evidently shows the dehumanization of blacks as low class people. Amazingly, the townspeople don’

Effects of Globalization on Regional Security Essay

Effects of Globalization on Regional Security - Essay Example Communication and transportation have acted as a catalyst for globalization. Communication has enabled increased connectivity among the global communities. Transportation has facilitated physical movement of people and merchandise. This has resulted in a globe connected in a dynamic manner (McGrew ND). Therefore, an event that occurs in one part of the globe will have repercussion on other countries. A terrorist attack will lead to global panic since it may lead to closure of many airports internationally. Similarly, the plummeting of the value of stocks in one of the key security market may culminate in similar occurrences in other markets. This write up will evaluate the impact of globalization on the regional security across the globe (Bardhan 2005, p. 50). Southern Sudan conflict Globalization has numerous consequences, which include an increase in international trade, weapons proliferation and cultural exchange. Some of these impacts of this phenomenon have affected regional sec urity in some regions globally (McGrew ND). This write up will highlight some of those examples across the globe. The discovery of crude oil in Southern Sudan brought excitement to that nation. Consequently, leading nations across the globe wanted to partake in the exploitation of this resource. However, the Southern Sudanese community felt short-changed in the sharing of the resultant funds. This resulted in a 21-year conflict in the southern part of Sudan. The conflict required constant supply of weapons to sustain the conflict. Globalization has culminated in the proliferation of weaponry globally. Consequently, there are unscrupulous individuals who trade in this kind of arsenal. Rebels do not buy weaponry legally consequently; they seek black-market traders. These traders denote proliferation of weapons since they work under no regulations hence; they sell to any client that pays the right price for such artillery. Therefore, the proliferation of weapons was a factor, which fue lled the Southern Sudan conflict, which lasted over two decades with massive human casualty. The proliferation of weapon resulted directly from globalization. Consequently, this conflict was a directly related to globalization. This conflict had a massive impact on regional peace in East Africa and resulted in instability in other parts of the region such as northern Uganda. Weapon acquired from the black market were vital since they ensured that the rebels could sustain the conflict (Stiglitz 2002, p. 90). Niger delta conflict Nigeria has massive oil reserve in the Niger delta, which is a mangrove. The oil generates massive foreign currency, which has contributed massively to that nation’s wealth. Foreign companies are involved in the exploitation of oil in that nation which resulted in rebels attacks in the areas. The rebels claim that the central government is not apportioning the resultant resources appropriately. Globalization has allowed international companies to inves t in various nations across the globe. This kind of investment denotes the impacts of globalization on the economic front. However, this has culminated in the rise of a conflict. The rebels claim that the companies, which exploit oil, fail to invest the massive returns in the delta region. Globalization has resulted in the elite global companies being the chief beneficiary of the

School wait list letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School wait list letter - Essay Example I look forward to take Organic Chemistry II and Microbiology early this summer, therefore, to complete all my prerequisites for the program. In order to do this letter correctly, I would suggest the following. I know that this isnt a rewrite of the letter, but I think that you might be missing the point a bit. Take into consideration that there are many people who have applied to this program. Perhaps several hundred. For you to get to the wait list, youve gotten to the first "cut" so to speak. What you want to do now is tell them more about you and how you are a fit for the program. The article that you have attached makes good sense. You want to let them know that you are still interested and give them a reason to bring you into the program. What makes you different from everyone else? What can you do that no one else can do? What have you done to show interest in the study? The thing is, the letter that you have now is okay. Its written well. But it doesn’t tell anyone anything. It tells them a very little about you. How much do you want this opportunity? How much do you feel that you are a fit? I would suggest going back to the article that you sent and answering the questions I suggested. If you want help writing it after that, great. Otherwise, its kind of a moot point if you dont want to add anything

Performance Appraisal, Diversity Management, And Employee Essay

Performance Appraisal, Diversity Management, And Employee Participation - Essay Example The leaders of the organization are the key to the success of any organization. They who set the goals, define the mission and vision and work with the employees to get the objectives completed. The problem that the company is facing is due to the lack of leadership qualities shown by the leader and non-satisfactory part played by the managers in performing their roles. Let’s identify some of the problems that are found in the company: Like the case study tells us, most of the top level and middle-level management positions are occupied by white men who share similar interests. This gives an idea that the organization is in control of the white men, and decisions are taken by them. When even white middle managers would spend time with the white top-level managers, the minority groups in the company would feel cut out and would generally blame the management of favoring the whites even if this wasn’t true. So by not having a diverse top management force, the perception o f the minority groups becomes biased. (Ely & Thomas, 2001) The minority groups are complaining about the incorrect and unjustified performance appraisals done. They received lesser points when compared to other white employees and for this very reason, their accusations of discrimination have become certain. Although the management may not be discriminatory and performance appraisal is done solely on merit, but due to the management’s negative attitude towards the minorities, any appraisal done is looked from a critical look.  ... This gives an idea that the organization is in control of the white men, and decisions are taken by them. When even white middle managers would spend time with the white top level managers, the minority groups in the company would feel cut out and would generally blame the management of favoring the whites even if this wasn't true. So by not having a diverse top management force, the perception of the minority groups becomes biased. (Ely & Thomas, 2001) 2. Injustices to the Minority Groups The minority groups are complaining about the incorrect and unjustified performance appraisals done. They received lesser points when compared to other white employees and for this very reason their accusations for discrimination have become certain. Although the management may not be discriminatory and performance appraisal is done solely on merit, but due to the management's negative attitude towards the minorities, any appraisal done is looked from a critical look. (Ely & Thomas, 2001) 3. Lack of Knowledge and Trained Human Resource Staff The company has a HR team however the team hasn't been able to fulfill its responsibilities as yet. Not enough knowledge is imparted to the employees about employee appraisal and diversity at the work place which is turning the company into a non-diverse white men company. Such a company can only be successful to an extent since diversity brings in new challenges and with it, it brings creativity. (French, 2006) 4. No Motivation for Minority Groups Minority groups are not finding any luck on their sides. They see no benefits for working and hence some have even resigned from their jobs. Since there is no encouragement, motivation, rewards and appreciation

Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Social Media - Essay Example This is a basic principle in the Internet, and the advent of social networking sites operate on the same idea. People can get connected with each other no matter what because lines are redundant. The Internet has since been given away by the military for civilian uses, for free and it is now a highly-evolved network. Businesses previously reluctant to put up a digital presence had been encouraged to put their own Web sites because of vast improvements in Internet technology primarily those dealing with secure on-line financial transactions. The introduction of the SSL or secure socket layer technology enabled people and business firms to conduct transactions in safe and secure manner, and this in turn gave birth to electronic commerce (e-commerce). A potential buyer can browse a Web site, and see high-definition graphics or video of a product or service. The latest phenomenon on the Web today is the new way of marketing to people, who can be reached anywhere. This vast potential cust omer base gave birth to social media marketing (SMM). This paper examines some of the relevant issues associated with the rise of SMM. Discussion Social media marketing is simply the practice of applying the principles of marketing or advertising to the digital world or cyberspace. In other words, advertising and marketing in those traditional media like print, television, and radio have been adapted to the social networking sites in which potential buyers and existing consumers of a product or service can interact with each other through that site, by registering as members of the site and using their comments, opinions, recommendations, and referrals give everyone on the site additional information to make buying decisions intelligently, like offering product choices or other alternative services. Social media marketing (SMM) is not to be confused with social marketing. The latter is using marketing techniques to promote desired behaviors or highlight a social advocacy, such as an ti-smoking campaigns, the dangers of alcohol abuse, environmental protection, promote a proper diet through better nutrition, reduction of waste, mitigate the effects of climate change, or other social changes to encourage healthy living. SMM, on the other hand, is a powerful tool for marketeers and advertisers if done correctly. In the proper hands, social media marketing helps to build up a brand and encourage customer loyalty over a much wider potential consumer base. It is a main reason why big and reputable multinational corporations, especially those in fast-moving consumer goods, engage in SMM today. It is cost-effective in terms of ad spending, it is interactive by which customers can exchange their views with the seller or manufacturer, it can easily be updated to reflect the latest product developments, and it provides a better content and context for what is being sold in that Web site. SMM provides many advantages or benefits, but on the other hand, there are also legal pitfalls for those who are not careful on its use. In this regard, a legally-astute social media marketing managers takes cognizance of the four components necessary to engage in e-commerce but mitigates the risks of

Summary Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Summary - Article Example This helps in demonstrating the speciousness of gun control policy in the reduction of the deaths resulting from homicides. While bearing in mind that the public is reluctant to give up their guns, Zimring proposes that stigmatizing guns is the only sure way of reducing the rate of possession of guns among the population. He suggests that this should entail the inclusion of the practice in the legislation. He associates the high rates of deaths resulting from homicides in America as related to the rampant use of guns for assaults. The article alludes that what matters in the successful application of the gun control policy is the consideration of who owns the guns, how these guns are used and the impact of the policy in relation to its implementation. Zimring’s makes reference on the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) statistics that indicates that guns are used in the 70% of the reported criminal killings. Additionally, other proponents of gun control policy such as Philli p Cook opine that the criminals determine the type of weapon they use. However, they discount the contribution of perpetrator factors in the enhancement of lethality in favor of the instrumentality effect. Fatality is viewed as an almost accidental outcome of a large number of assaults resulting from guns and knives. Zimring claims that in many cases, the perpetrator is also a victim of circumstance as well as the person he kills; just luckier because the gun was pointed in a different direction. It is obvious that some of the deaths that occur due to gun assaults cannot occur if less lethal weapons are used. The article stipulates that the perpetrators of assault are normally aware of their prior plans of inflicting lethal injuries on their victim. The author makes reference to the Behavior modification theory that suggests that the criminals transfer their intimidation levels to the guns they are carrying. The article disputes the idea that gun handlers are innocent people who pos sess the gun and respond whenever they are provoked. This is because most of these killers posses below-average cognitive ability, mental retardation, brain dysfunction or alcoholism (Stell 42). Professor Zimring opposes the use of gun in self defense, arguing that people who offer resistance when attacked are at a higher risk of getting hurt than those who submit. Additionally, his experiments proved that those who resisted attacks through the use of guns performed better than those than those that did not resist (Stell 44). This implies that legalizing the use of firearms for any reason enhances violence. The article recommends that the ethical complications occur when the proponents of gun control practices subscribe to certain practices that enhance violence. Such practices include the failure to recognize the right of the states for self defense, failure to provide minimal protection to the citizens, and the police department possesses the rights to prosecute and charge those p ossessing firearms for self preservation. ARTICLE 2 Congressional Digest. White House Plan to Reduce Gun Violence: Administration Proposals to Strengthen Firearm Laws and Protect Citizens. March 2013. Print. According to the article, tragic mass shootings have been witnessed in America despite the fact that most firearm holders are perceived to be

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 73

Reflection - Essay Example I have taken this concept of leadership from the leader of Starbucks where he consults and engages the low level staff before making a decision. Thirdly, and lastly, I have learnt the concept of objectivity and subjectivity in relation to financial management and asset acquisition. This is from the considerations that the Starbucks Company has to consider some aspects accepting offers. All these concepts that I have learnt apply both to my professional and personal life in terms of being an effective resources manager pertaining to corporate resources and making personal budgets to avoid spendthrift activities (CheckMate, 2009). Leadership also applies to both professional and personal life in that I will engage the junior employees in a company once employed and even in my personal life I will be an effective leader. Lastly, the concept of critical analysis and subjectivity and objectivity applies in my professional life in terms of assessing all aspects before making decisions on taking or dropping offers or venture g into a certain activity. This applies in my personal life as well since it can help me in making a decision with first assessing the different

Communications and media. Persuasive Message Essay Example for Free

Communications and media. Persuasive Message Essay The importance of this letter is to familiarize our Supermarket, XYZ Supermarket Ltd, which has been active in the investment since 1990. Here at XYZ, we have introduced a State of the Art Bakery and new methods of branding farm products. In our Bakery, we are we are manufacturing new range of products like breads, new designs of cakes that are customized to meet the customers needs, Dairy products and other meat products. More so, we believe that great businesses are not born, they are made, and this is why we have made XYZ as one of the best customer friendly venture that have received great reputation and connections to many customers needs and other organizations. We are happy to let you know we have established close relationship with leading clients distributed all across the cities and the neighboring countries. Since beginning, we have successfully provided customers with cost effective goods in our business that operates around the clock. XYZ also, offers other services like events planning and decorations such as wedding setups/parties , transport services to customers that purchases bulky goods while delivering these goods to any customers location at little fee. We are guaranteed that our investment strategies remain the leading in these business environments. Part of this letter, you will find enclosed information pamphlets, documents and brochures about us. Our services are offered after thorough considerations of our clients needs by charging normal fee. We are fully aware that you are interested in the same options of company’s goods and services, and you must need time to think about. Through our great pleasure, we have stocked new range of products that we believe might best suit your needs. After meticulous field research and surveys, we came up with new products directly from new business people from the agricultural market, whereby, other products are manufactured or blend within our business venture. As we are all aware, the Government has provided farms supplies, loan and other incentives to our farmers, and, therefore, agricultural production and improved greatly while new farm produce is getting to our existing markets. More so, new entrepreneurs are offering new products that we are stocking and, therefore, these products will be essential for you. The new ranges of farm produce are produced in modern ways of farming especially the incorporation of technology in the farms. They are, therefore, of higher quality than the average ones already in other shelves. The new products are cost effective, fast moving goods that everyone is after, well packaged and more so, beneficial to our health especially in preventing and curing of common diseases. For instance, we are blending and manufacturing new range of breads from a wide variety of balanced protein, vitamin and vital fats collected from the new farm produce. These breads are so enriched â€Å"you might be tempted to skip some meals† for their balanced and satisfying characteristics. Their packaging is so modern and attractive that everyone will be interested in looking or tasting. Brochures furnishing the details of each product have been enclosed with this letter. Being our esteemed customer, we would like to offer you a range of free products in our shelves before the c urrent stock runs out. We are working with highly qualified staffs that assures every customer detail is handled and taken care of physically or through our business contacts 24/7. Please note that we are working with new top sales representative, Mr. George Brown, as a Business Manager and being a former sales staff from Amazon Ventures Ltd in Paris. Mr. George has 21 years of experience in sales and marketing and was formally working in other great business companies like Virginia Green Garden, one of the largest importer and manufacturer of farm Produce in Europe. He is a graduate from Oxford University and recently completed his management studies from Michigan University. Through the combined experiences and expertise within our staffs, we have been ranked one of the best business investments and that we have developed close ties with staffs (clients) from IBM. We sometimes ask ourselves, if IBM staffs are interested with the Farm Products in our shelves, who else can’t buy from us? We, therefore, introduce and welcome all of our esteemed customers including you to these new ranges of products. Finally, we acknowledge your time and effort in reading this letter and hopeful that you may share our good news to your close colleagues especially by showing them some of the attached business brochures accompanying this letter. Mr. George is available to ascertain the prior commitments and orders. Incase of any special arrangements or enquiries, our lines, are open and can also reach our Manager at 07-05-123456 anytime between 9 A.M to 8 P.M. Further contact details can be referenced from one of the brochures. We are grateful for your concern in our Business. Sincerely †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ References Communications and media. (1974). Sydney: London : Angus Robertson. Source document

The Reality of the Truth Essay Example for Free

The Reality of the Truth Essay What exactly is the truth? Is it reality, sincerity, integrity? Is it accuracy and honesty? How can we tell the difference between the truth and lies? Why does the media have the power to decide for us what is true? As Oscar Wilde once said The truth is rarely pure and never simple. This statement sums up the difficulties of telling the truth, and this is furthermore shown in Rob Sitch et als Frontline, Lies by Michael Leunig and the poem Nothing to Report by May Herschel Clarke. The television show Frontline follows the day to day running of a current affairs show. It shows both on and off air aspects of what people involved with television go though on a daily basis. Mike Moore (Rob Sitch) plays the naive host of the show, who seems to think the whole world revolves around him. An example of this is when Emma sarcastically thanks him for helping with a story and he says Thats ok. Brian is the executive manager of the show and he ultimately decides what is shown on the show and what isnt. Brooke is another reporter who uses deception and manipulation to present the truth. Emma does work behind the scenes and often she should be credited, but the reporters need their ego maintained so she is never recognised for her hard work. Marty is another reporter who has been in the business for a long time, and although he knows about Frontline presenting the incorrect truth, he does nothing to stop them. Like all current affairs shows, the team at Frontline are concerned with gaining ratings every night, rather than telling the real truth to people. One example of this is during the episode Add sex and stir where Brooke interviews a woman booted off her sports team because she wasnt a lesbian. This in fact is not the truth because she was kicked off the team due to her poor form, not her sexuality. Viewers are then manipulated into thinking that the sport is a lesbian sport, and the reputations of the team and sport are ruined. Marty sums up this sensationalising of real truth in one quote, Ancient current affairs recipe my grandmother gave me, you take any story, add sex and stir (Marty, Add sex and stir) Dismissal of the real truth is another technique that the current affairs show Frontline uses to gain ratings. In the episode We aint got dames, Mike wishes to do a story on illegal sweatshops, but Brian dismisses it as being too heavy for the viewers. After much persuasion, Mike thinks he has convinced Brian to show his story (because his ego has finally been satisfied), but the story ends up being a fashion show, totally insulting any work that Mike has done. Although this story did attract more viewers than the sweatshop story would have, it only promotes the fact that viewers lack in knowledge about the real current issues, and they need to show pretty people with bright lights to get their attention. There are many techniques used in Frontline which expose the manipulation that current affairs shows go through to gain ratings. Irony is shown in the episode The siege, where Brooke asks Mrs. Forbes to sign a contract so only frontline can report her story because, Some shows are very unscrupulous (Brooke, The Seige) Brooke says not to give the story to other stations because they might twist her story around to bring out a point she wasnt making, but the irony was that their show was doing exactly that. Use of a handheld camera behind the scenes of the current affairs show can bring out the truth behind the lies, what we see on television may not be true in real life. This applies to Mike in the episode Add sex and stir where he is on Burkes Backyard. He is asked questions about current affairs and does not know how to answer them, then tries to defend himself by asking Burke about plants but he knows everything about them. Although he is shown as an intelligent and well presented man on television, in real life he doesnt know anything. This is also seen when Mike takes part in an ABC debate, but during his introduction all of his material is said and Mike doesnt have anything good to say, which shows that he is not a good speaker in person as he is behind the desk. There is also use of verisimilitude in the show Frontline, with many real media personalities being on the show to make it seem more realistic in telling the truth. Examples of these celebrities are Harry M Miller, Cheryl Kernot, and Bert Newton. The cartoon Lies by Michael Leunig also exposes that the media manipulates and distorts the truth, so it really is presented to us as a lie or the untruth. The cartoon shows people living in their world, but everything has the label lies on it. The billboard which says lies shows that many companies engage in deceptive advertising, and although they arent supposed to do that, they still convince people to buying their products. The newspaper titled lies shows that journalists write from their own perspective and can distort the truth to suit their opinions. The person wearing the lies shirt shows that behind brand name corporations there are lies. An example of this is making clothing in sweatshops then selling it for triple the price of what its really worth (like Nike shoes) and people are paying top dollar just to wear a symbol, which supposedly brings them into an elite group of people, but really they are just lying to themselves. The point Michael Leunig is trying to make is enforced through the main technique of repetition. The word lies is seen 11 times in the comic, and it is the only word on the cartoon. If lies was only mentioned once, many people would not take notice of it, but since it is printed on the billboard, buildings, truck, newspaper, shirt and drink, it shows that lies are everywhere and it really is a big issue. Like the television series Frontline, this cartoon exposes that the world we live in is full of lies and deception, and the media controls what we see and listen to. It is their opinion what we believe, and many people, rather than refuting what is being presented to them in the media, just believe it and keep going with their lives. The poem Nothing to Report by May Herschel Clarke is written during the war times (1940s). During this time, leaders of the country were trying to convince people to fight overseas as a soldier, with hope of coming back as a brave hero. For this heroic image to come to light, anything negative about death in the war would have to be shielded from the people, or else they wouldnt enlist. Ms Clarkes poem targets this issue, talking about how easily death can come, One minute we was laughin next he lays beside me, grinnin dead. After the death, the papers had nothing to report; therefore they were with holding the truth from people. May Herschel Clarke couldnt possibly have been the only one with a death not reported, but no one else seemed to be doing anything about it, because the media has always been very powerful. The poem is written in colloquial language, which could reflect on her education, upbringing or location. This could also be written in that style to follow a rhyming sequence. The last line is a metaphor which shows that the paper is such an effective form of communication, it might as well be a person. Theres nothin to report the papers said This text is very similar to the television series Frontline, in trying to expose the media in its with holding and distortion of the truth. Another example in frontline of withholding the truth is during the episode This night of nights where Mike wishes to do a story about Telecom tapping into phone conversations, but seeing as they are a major sponsor of the television show, frontline cant expose the truth, and give Mike a mobile phone to help him forget about it. If this truth was exposed, telecom would have received many complaints and much abuse, but they would have deserved it. Instead there are still people at home not suspecting a thing. In the end Mike is disadvantaged from not pursuing the story because they listen to his phone conversation about being caught drink driving, and expose him in the newspapers. In the poem Nothing to report, the last line sums up that the media does with hold information and it shouldnt be their right to decide what we see or dont see. Telling the truth is a hard concept to deal with. From the texts Frontline (Rob Sitch et. al. ), Lies by Michael Leunig and Nothing to Report by May. Herschel Clarke we can see that the media does control what we see and believe, but it isnt necessarily the truth. Why does the media have the power to decide what is true? Well if they presented us the facts and let us decide for ourselves, they wouldnt have ratings. We are surrounded by the media (as seen in lies) and it is hard for us to ignore it all. The truth is rarely pure and never simple, in listening to the truth there is always some form of bias, but we must leave it to ourselves to find out many versions of the so called truth and decide for ourselves what we believe. Thank you.

Successful Teachers Emphasize The Fun Of Learning Education Essay

Successful Teachers Emphasize The Fun Of Learning Education Essay An important part of learning is having the opportunity to make mistakes, learn from them,and correct them the  next time you  try.  Trainers need a  great deal of  patience.  Often it is  easier  to jump in and correct  the mistake rather than let the  person you are training learn.Therefore your trainer should have plenty of patience to  ensure that all individuals complete the course satisfactorily.   d) Good Training Skills There is so much more to training than just reciting theory and lecturing trainees.  Training sessions work much effectively when there is a  healthy interaction between the trainers and the trainees. Good trainers will also  hold a professional qualification which formalises their experience  and also makes it so  much easier for any organisation to hire them . Trainers should also be  good performers and make the training sessions interesting or even entertaining.  In this way it becomes evident that the trainer is genuinely interested in teaching their subject. e) Empathy A good trainer should have a genuine interest in people , having such an interest the trainer will be able to get on well with them regardless of status, age, abilities or backgrounds and easily relate to their needs, aspirations and frustrations.   A good trainer will have a warm and approachable manner which make the trainees feel completely at ease and  will be particularly skilled in motivating others to achieve their goals. f) Results Focussed A good trainer will not only focus on the needs of the  trainees they will fully understand that you have your own targets to meet. Motivation of trainees is one of the key  factors of good training. A good trainer will ensure that this is achieved regardless of the individuals self-esteem or confidence. The trainer  will actively encourage collaboration and team work between them by involving them in idea generation and  problem solving. 2. Professor Some of the important qualities possessed by a professor are: a) Passion : The best teachers are not only interested in their subject, they are passionate about it. They approach tasks with a sense of challenge rather than routine. b) Successful teachers/professors hold very high expectations: Most of the teachers expect great results from their students, and they dont accept anything less than that. Teachers have to believe that each and every student can soar past various restrictions; and they will also have the confidence and work with the teachers to make it happen. c) Creativity: The best teachers are those who make their students think outside the box. The teachers make sure that the classroom experience is well understood by the students by educating them while also keeping them interested in the work at hand. They provide the students with real world applications for improving their knowledge and also taking their learning to the next action packed level. d) Patience : The best teachers were those who were willing to keep explaining, knowing that eventually it would make sense to their students. They were willing to wait until a distraction calmed students down, or abandon a lesson entirely if it was clear material needed to be revisited. The best teachers just stuck with it, willing to do what it took, no matter how long it took. e)Teachers/Professors should be Learners:   These exemplary teachers described themselves as learners, each making it a priority to keep their teaching information current and updated. As teachers, they must continue to re-engineer the curriculum, experiment with new and different methods of delivering course content, and bring emerging technologies into our classrooms. f) Good teachers/professors are sensitive and versatile: The teachers who consider other peoples needs more than their own are the ones who strive to create a difference. These teachers are sensitive to the needs of students and their parents, colleagues and the community g) Successful teachers emphasize the fun of learning: There are many different learning styles. Bad teachers only look a subject matter one way. They teach based on how they learn. This works for some people, but fails for others. The good teachers are ones that are able to teach to different learning styles. If students dont understand a subject, they teach it a different way. Instead of looking at abstract formulas, they explain with images what the formulas represent. This requires a thorough understand of their subject, as well as the ability to consider that subject in different ways, which not all teachers are able to do. 3. Call Centre Executive a)Communication Skills Call centres are a place of high pressure where a person will have to deal with hundreds of customers in a day. This is the reason to improve communications skills to be an expert in this field. This will help in handling different personalities, surveying skills, and vocal skills. He/She should practise on speed,volume , clarity of voice ,voice modulation and tone of voice to attain a good communication skill. b) Listening skills Listening is one of the most valued skills companies seek in employees working in call centres .Develop listening skills through clarifying questions. Acquire feedback from your clients to develop listening skills. c) Multitasking ability They need to be capable of handling more responsibilities because of increased economic, regulatory and customer demands. For instance, agents need to be able to handle calls, answer emails and assist clients via Web chat. If they cant handle multiple tasks or are easily frustrated by pressure, it will be difficult for them to cope . d) Computer Literacy It is very necessary to be computer literate in the modern era to be able to work with computer based software systems. Operators should be good with computer and particularly skilled in Word processing, and efficient use of internet based operations and tasks. e)Good Customer Care Skills Call operators are those people who possess the necessary skills required for handling customer relations and meeting the objective of maximising sales and productivity. An operator having an extrovert personality is an asset in the field of customer relations service centres. Agents should be able to use their unique customer relations qualities .Proper knowledge of phone etiquette is essential for excellent customer care. Q2. Design an orientation program for college students. Introducing students to college life requires presenting as full a view as possible of all that the university has to offer. Therefore, academics as well as extracurricular activities should be presented. If students do not become socially integrated within the first few weeks of their arrival, they are less likely to stay at that institution. 1. Orientation program can start with a welcome presentation , where the faculty or the dean will give the new students an insight into the student life at the college, gives them a strong overview of academic expectations, the different social setups on campus . This gives the advantage for students in making the transition from high school to college. 2. The new students will be put in small groups , and will have an orientation leader to take them around . The orientation leaders can give the new students the inside scoop on college life since they too have been in the new students shoes. New students may be more open to receive information from the orientation leaders than from a lecturer . 3. A campus tour would be a very important aspect of orientation program. acclimating students to their new environment . For some students, going to college is their first time away from home, so orientation should give them time to become familiar with their new surroundings. Through guided campus tours orientation provides a safe avenue for new students to find their way around campus.  This helps students to become familiar with important locations on campus like the library , administration offices canteen, computer labs, auditoriums , hostel facilities..etc . 4.Friendly interaction sessions with seniors and faculties ( over dinner or lunch )should also be arranged for the new students to feel completely at ease on campus. Illegal activities of ragging should be strictly prohibited on campus instead the new students should have a friendly association with their seniors and faculty members. These are some of the activities to be included at a good orientation program for the new college students.

Underage Binge Drinking In UK Health And Social Care Essay

Underage Binge Drinking In UK Health And Social Care Essay The purpose of this study is for the writer to explore the government strategies in combating the rising rates of underage binge drinking in the UK. The writer will approach this topic by briefly examining the prevalence, determinants, and effects of underage binge drinking. The writer will also critically analyse gaps in government strategies in tackling underage drinking and subsequently formulate a policy intervention that would address the gaps highlighted. Ethical consideration of the policy intervention will also be explored, and subsequently reflection and conclusion will close the study. There is no universal definition of binge drinking, but it is often described as a pattern of excessive intake of alcohol over a short period of time (Home Office Findings (HOFs), 2005). Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST) (2005) expands this definition further as such behaviour that leads to a rapid increase in blood alcohol concentration and consequently to drunkenness. However, the writer believes that binge drinking occurs when people have no limit of their alcohol intake within a short period resulting in exposing themselves or/and other people to risk. Underage binge drinking continues to increase in the UK, although the number of young people aged 11 to 15 who drink alcohol has fallen since 2001 (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), 2007). However, those that drink alcohol continue to drink more and more often (HM Government, 2007 In NICE, 2007). According to HOFs (2006), the nature of offences among aged 10 to 17 during or after drinking was associated with frequency of drinking. Those that drink once a week or more reported getting involved in arguments (48%), fights (19%) and criminal damage offences (12%) during or after drinking compared to those that drink between one and three times a month (16%, 6% and 4% respectively). Another study undertaken by The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) has examined drinking among representative samples of aged 15 and 16 in the UK. In 2003 study, UK was ranked as the third most teenage binge drinkers out of 35 European countries (Hibel l et al., 2004). There are some effects of teenage binge drinking, and one of this is medical effect. Binge drinking causes brain damage that destroys the brain cells and evidence suggests that adolescent binge drinkers are likely to experience impaired memory and reasoning skills (Institute of Alcohol Studies (IAS), 2007). Alcohol poisoning is another common medical condition among young binge drinkers. The risk of cardiovascular, hypertension, strokes, heart diseases, psychological problems, breast and oral cancers are later effects of teenage drinking on adulthood (IAS, 2007). One of the economic implications of binge drinking is the cost to the NHS, it is estimated that the cost of alcohol harm to the NHS in England is  £2.7 billion (2006/07) as compared to  £1.7 billion in 2001/02 prices (The Health and Social Care Information Centre (THSCIC), 2009). Other effects of underage binge drinking result in alcohol related accidents. For example, in 2007, 6,541 deaths in England were directly related to alcohol consumption and this has increased by 19% between 2001 and 2007 (THSCIC, 2009). Also, binge drinking results in unsafe behaviour such as sexual activities and other illicit drug use, which is more prominent with young binge drinkers (IAS, 2007). DETERMINANTS OF UNDERAGE BINGE DRINKING Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991) (see appendix) formulated a useful framework to intensively explore the determinants of health. It is argued that public health is not mainly the absence of diseases (World Health Organisation (WHO), 1948) but to promote ways of prolonging peoples lives (Acheson, 1988) through the complex interactions between social and economic factors, the physical environment and individual behaviour as well as fixed factors such as age, sex and hereditary. The peak of teenage binge drinking age seems to occur around aged 15 and above. HOFs (2006) reported that children aged 16 to 17 reported having had alcoholic drink in the previous 12 months. This report shows the highest alcohol consumption (88%) between the age bracket as compared to children aged 10 to 13 that have the lowest (29%). Conversely, children aged 15 to 16 were used in ESPADs study, which shows high rate of underage binge drinking in the UK among these age bracket (Hibell et al., 2004). HOFs (2005) reported that young males are likely to binge drink (49%) than young females (39%). However, Hibell et al. (2004) argued that UK drinking culture seems to be shifting from young males consuming alcohol far more than young females because figures show that in the UK, Ireland and Isle of Man, teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to have consumed alcohol in binges (Velleman, 2009). Griffith (2000) suggested that drinking has been reported as being part of British drinking culture for generations. Plant and plant (2006) argued that most people in the UK drink alcoholic beverages and the negative effects of this drinking are clearly a big problem. The drinking patterns are highly influenced by national culture (Velleman, 2009). For example, in Mediterranean culture, young people are most likely to drink and drink more often and never caused public drunkenness (Velleman, 2009) whereas in northern European, drinking is characterised by excessive drinking but less frequent and heavier when it does occur (IAS, 2007). Parental influence was critically explored by Velleman et al. (2005) of which family structure was one of the areas where families can influence their minors substance use behaviour. Hellandsjo Bu et al. (2002) stated that children drinking at a younger age from single-parent families have limited family support. Steinberg et al. (1994) argued that non-separated parents who expect a lot from their children and provide a sense of self-efficacy tend to have children who are less likely to be misusing alcohol. Environmental factor such as advertisement (direct and indirect) is another factor influencing underage binge drinking. Anderson Baumberg (2006) and Hastings (2007) have suggested in their review that alcohol advertising and marketing are significant factors in the rise in alcohol consumption by young people. In contrast, alcohol and advertising industries argued that as the alcoholic drink is a legal product it should be legally possible for it to be advertised (IAS, 2008). Other determinants are the influence of peer pressure (Velleman, 2009) and socio-economic factors (Measham, 1996) as well as individual factors (Ryan, 2005 In IAS, 2007) such as impulsive personality traits, living away from home and to greater affluence, and increase in binge drinking for those who have weak health beliefs. CURRENT GOVERNMENT STRATEGIES AND BINGE DRINKING The four countries that constitute UK responded to ways in which rising rate of binge drinking could be controlled. In England, government published a policy document in 2004 on Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy for England (Cabinet Office Prime Ministers Strategy Unit, 2004). This strategy sets out to address better education and communication to achieve a long term change in attitudes to irresponsible drinking. It also focuses on better health and treatment systems to improve early identification and treatment of alcohol problems as well as to combat alcohol related crime and working with the alcohol industry to build on the good practice of existing initiatives and develop new ones. Finally, the new licensing law that allows 24 hour access to alcohol was introduced by the government in November 2005 (Department for Culture, Media Sport, 2005). The government measure to tackle binge drinking focuses on harm minimisation but failed to address the availability of alcohol through its 24 hour licensing law and affordability (POST, 2005). The current licensing law according to the government tends to reduce the practice of hoarding alcohol just before the closing hours and also reducing the numbers of people rushing into the street to purchase alcohol. The Royal College of Physician (RCP) strongly disagreed with government policy on its 24 hour licensing law. It was suggested that this will increase the overall consumption of alcohol and will have public health implications (POST, 2005). Government argued that its alcohol licensing law will reduce crime and anti-social behaviour and encourage a change in UK drinking culture (POST, 2005). Following the evidence presented above about the consequence of binge drinking in the UK, it is clear that more reliable and evidence based solutions need to be put in place because the governme nt is hoping to curb alcohol related crime rather than putting strategy that would curb the overall consumption of alcohol in order to safeguard the health of the people in general. The government policy on alcohol seems to contradict the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (OCHP) which suggests that all public policies should be examined for its impact on health (WHO, 1986) which seems to have been overlooked by the government. Furthermore, the numbers of people experiencing alcohol related harm continue to increase in the UK. For example, the numbers of people dieing from alcoholic liver diseases are increasing in England and Wales (HM Government, 2007 In NICE, 2007). The writer feels that if the strategy to curb the overall consumption of alcohol could be put in place, it will surely promote what the government is hoping to achieve. People should be entitled to good health and what binge drinking is causing in the UK is contradicting what a good health should be. WHO (1948) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being but not necessarily absence of disease. Alma-Ata declaration argued that people should have access to healthcare at a cost that is affordable and people becoming the ownership of their care (WHO, 1978). It also argued that health should be a fundamental human right and not a privilege. The governments strategy on binge drinking seems to lack public health bene fits as it contradicts Alma-Ata declaration of what a good health should be for the people. POLICY INTERVENTION According to Stevenson et al. (2002, p.533) policy is a course of action adopted or proposed by an organization or person. However, the writer argued that a policy is a set of rule or guideline that is specifically drafted for a particular purpose for an individual, organisation or country to follow. The writer will therefore focus on strengthening the current government strategy as this strategy appears not to be combating teenage binge drinking in the UK. The writer aims to propose a policy to reduce 24 hours access to alcohol (licensing law) to a restricted time scale and to increase alcohol taxes as ways of managing the availability of alcohol and to reduce early alcohol drinking. These ideas are well supported by RCP, British Medical Association, and Academy of Medical Sciences (POST, 2005). Currently in the UK, the legal drinking age is 18 years (Office of communications, 2004) and the writer is proposing that the age should be increased to 21 in order to reduce teenage drinking at early age and its associated harm. There has been a debate in the Australian media suggesting increasing the legal age of alcohol consumption from 18 to 21 years (Toumbourou, et al. 2008). Several studies conducted in the past suggested that raising the age would reduce adolescents access to alcohol and subsequent associated harms (Grube, 1997; Ludbrook et al., 2002). Lowering the legal drinking age from 20 to 18 in New Zealand is reported to have resulted in a sharp increase in teenage and adults binge drinking (Everitt Jones, 2002). The writer feels that if this approach is embraced, it will restrict access to alcohol among aged 18 to 21 which will partly reduce rate of drinking. However, this action on its own will not resolve the binge drinking and all its associated harm. NICE (2007) produces public health guidelines on sensible alcohol consumption for use in primary and secondary schools in order to tackle the drinking problem among the young people. The policy also sets to provide support for alcohol drinking parents. It appears that government is trying their best to curb the rising rate of underage drinking in the UK. However, the writer feels that sophisticated alcohol awareness programmes should be made available to the parents through their General Practitioners (GPs). There is no routine on alcohol awareness programme for the parents through their GPs and what appears to be available through the GP is to offer support when alcohol is becoming or had become a problem. There is a need for routine based alcohol awareness for the drinking parents in all the GP surgeries. This idea is well supported by OCHP which focuses on helping people develop their skills in order to be in control of their lives and have more power in decisions that affect them (WHO, 1986). In doing this, parents will be able to give advise on alcohol drinking as they will lead by example by not drinking or stocking alcohol beverages in the house. Evidence shows that parents are likely to influence their children through their drinking behaviour (Bandura 1977, In Velleman, 2009). The writer is also proposing that all alcohol related adverts (direct or indirect) should be ban in the UK because a recent review of seven international research studies revealed that there is a correlation between prior alcohol advertising and marketing exposure and subsequent alcohol drinking behaviour in young people (Smith Foxcroft, 2007). Taking actions on alcohol advertisement in order to safeguard the future of minors are well supported by WHOs European Charter on alcohol. It addresses the European countries to take action on alcohol advertisement of which banning was part of the recommendations that were highlighted (IAS, 2008). However, the writer is aware that this approach might not be in favour of the UK economy because alcohol investors may leave or not invest in such country where promotion of their alcohol product can not be advertised. The writer believes that overall health of the people should outweigh such economic problem. Lastly, the writer is proposing that a measure such as introducing a national identity card for its citizens with a view that this card will be used at the point of alcohol purchase in order to keep a record of government recommended (THSCIC, 2009) daily alcohol intake (3-4 and 2-3 units for men and women respectively) for an individual who uses his/her card. This proposal will be monitored in relation to daily alcohol intake should people start to hoard alcohol. This proposal will also limit alcohol access to the minors as evidence suggests they still have access to alcohol despite government policy (HOFs, 2006). ETHICAL CONSIDERATION This study considers the four widely accepted ethical principles (Beauchamp Childress, 1995) which are autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. This study will encourage the underage people to make choices based on the information provided. The right information will be passed to them and will be allowed to make their informed decisions. The study is also constructed in a way that is beneficial to underage people, family and society at large. The confidentiality and respect of the people will be maintained. Lastly, the writer will ensure that people are treated fairly and the resources will be shared equally among those that need support. REFLECTION My understanding of public health and application of theory into practice has developed to a considerable level during the course of this study. This study seems to be complex and requiring in-depth knowledge and understanding of public health practice. With adequate human and material resources obtained, I was able to uncover difficulties that were initially evident. This study has given credence to the gaps that sometimes occur in government strategy to combat a problem. I am aware that for an issue such as underage binge drinking to be revisited on the public agenda, there may be a need to advocate and mediate between different interests for the pursuit of health of the people in the society. Such way is achieved through media, advertising to raise public awareness, personal appeals by public officials and celebrities and many other approaches (Pencheon et al., 2006). Although this is not a guarantee that such issues will gain public agenda but it is suggested that public opinion has its greatest impact on government decision-making when people feel strongly and clearly about a problem (Pencheon et al., 2006). CONCLUSION This study has attempted to explore the rising rate of underage binge drinking by critically appraising the government measures in tackling the problem, with raised and explored policy interventions in order to address gaps in government strategy. 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